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Resistor Color Code Calculator

Color Codes from Resistor Values

Scheme

This resistor color code calculator converts a resistor value to resistor color code and supports 3, 4, and 5-band resistors. If you are getting into electronics and cannot remember the resistor color codes, then this calculator is for you. It will perform a simple check if the calculated resistance that you need for your circuit matches one of the standard resistance values in the E3–E192 ranges and show what the resistor of this value looks like.

Example: Calculate the color code of a ±20% 2.7 kohm resistor.

Resistance

Please enter a value in the range of 0,1 Ω — 999 MΩ or 0 Ω for a zero-ohm link.

Tolerance and number of color bands

Non-standard {0} value
Standard in other series

The nearest lower standard resistor in {0}

The nearest higher standard resistor in {0}

Resistor Values from Color Codes

Number of Bands:

3 4 5

1st digit

2nd digit

3rd digit

Multiplier

Tolerance, ±

Definitions and Calculations

Resistor and Resistance

A resistor is a passive electrical component that creates electrical resistance in electronic circuits. Resistors can be found in almost all electrical circuits. They are used for various purposes, for example, to limit electric current, as voltage dividers, to provide bias to active circuit elements, to terminate transmission lines, in resistor-capacitor circuits as a timing component... The list is endless.

Precision decade resistor box

The electrical resistance of a resistor or an electrical conductor is a measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current. The SI unit for resistance is the ohm. Any material shows some resistance except superconductors, which have zero resistance. More information about resistance, resistivity and conductance.

Resistor Tolerance

Of course, it is possible to make a resistor with very precise resistance, however, it will be insanely expensive. Besides, high precision resistors are relatively rarely used. There are very expensive resistors used for measurements. Here we will talk about inexpensive resistors used in electric circuits, which do not require high precision. In many cases, ±20% of precision is enough. For a 1 kilohm resistor, this means that any resistor with a value in the range of 800 ohms to 1200 ohms is acceptable. For some critical components, the tolerance can be specified as ±1% or even ±0.05%. At the same time, it is hard to find 20% resistors today — they were common at the beginning of the transistor radio era. 5% and 1% resistors are very common today. They were relatively expensive in the past, but not anymore.

Comparison of 0.1 W SMD resistors in 1608 (1.6 × 0.8 mm) packages with a 10 W 1 Ω ceramic resistor

Power Dissipation

When an electric current passes through a resistor, it is heated and the electrical energy is converted into the thermal energy, which it dissipates. This energy must be dissipated by the resistor without excessive raising its temperature. And not only its temperature but also the temperature of components surrounding this resistor. The power consumed by a resistor is calculated as

Formula

where V in volts is the voltage across the resistor of resistance R in ohms and I is the current in amps flowing through it. The power that a resistor can safely dissipate for an indefinite period of time without degrading its performance is called the resistor power rating or resistor wattage rating. Generally, the larger the resistor package, the more power it can dissipate. Resistors of different power ratings are produced, most commonly from 0.01 W to hundreds of watts. Carbon resistors are commonly produced in power ratings of 0.125 to 2 watts.

1/8 W, 1/4 W, 1/2 W and 1 W color-coded resistors in a computer power supply

Preferred Values

Although it is possible to produce resistors of any value, it is more useful to make a limited number of components, especially considering that any manufactured resistor is subject to a certain tolerance. More precision resistor's costs are much higher than their less precise counterparts. Common logic dictates to choose a logarithmic scale of values so that all values are equally spaced on a logarithmic scale and match the tolerance of the range. For example, for a tolerance of ±10%, it makes sense to cover a decade (the interval from 1 to 10, 10 to 100, etc.) in 12 steps: 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.2, 2.7, 3.3, 3.9, 4.7, 5.6, 6.8, 8.2, then 10, 12, 15, 18, 22, 27, 33, 39, 47, 56, 68, 82. These values are called preferred values and are standardized as E series of preferred numbers, which are used not only for resistors, but also for capacitors, inductors, and Zener diodes. Each E-series (E3, E6, E12, E24, E48, E96, and E192) subdivides a decade into 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 steps. Note that the E3 series is obsolete and is almost not used anymore.

Lists of E Series Values

A modern 10 W 8.6 ohms ceramic resistor (above) and a VZR 2 W 3.3 kilohms resistor manufactured in the Soviet Union in 1969

E6 values (20% tolerance):

1,0; 1,5; 2,2; 3,3; 4,7; 6,8.

E12 values (10% tolerance):

1,0; 1,2; 1,5; 1,8; 2,2; 2,7; 3,3; 3,9; 4,7; 5,6; 6,8; 8,2.

E24 values (5% tolerance):

1,0; 1,1; 1,2; 1,3; 1,5; 1,6; 1,8; 2,0; 2,2; 2,4; 2,7; 3,0; 3,3; 3,6; 3,9; 4,3; 4,7; 5,1; 5,6; 6,2; 6,8; 7,5; 8,2; 9,1.

E48 values (2% tolerance):

1,00; 1,05; 1,10; 1,15; 1,21; 1,27; 1,33; 1,40; 1,47; 1,54; 1,62; 1,69; 1,78; 1,87; 1,96; 2,05; 2,15; 2,26; 2,37; 2,49; 2,61; 2,74; 2,87; 3,01; 3,16; 3,32; 3,48; 3,65; 3,83; 4,02; 4,22; 4,42; 4,64; 4,87; 5,11; 5,36; 5,62; 5,90; 6,19; 6,49; 6,81; 7,15; 7,50; 7,87; 8,25; 8,66; 9,09; 9,53.

E96 values (1% tolerance):

1,00; 1,02; 1,05; 1,07; 1,10; 1,13; 1,15; 1,18; 1,21; 1,24; 1,27; 1,30; 1,33; 1,37; 1,40; 1,43; 1,47; 1,50; 1,54; 1,58; 1,62; 1,65; 1,69; 1,74; 1,78; 1,82; 1,87; 1,91; 1,96; 2,00; 2,05; 2,10; 2,15; 2,21; 2,26; 2,32; 2,37; 2,43; 2,49; 2,55; 2,61; 2,67; 2,74; 2,80; 2,87; 2,94; 3,01; 3,09; 3,16; 3,24; 3,32; 3,40; 3,48; 3,57; 3,65; 3,74; 3,83; 3,92; 4,02; 4,12; 4,22; 4,32; 4,42; 4,53; 4,64; 4,75; 4,87; 4,99; 5,11; 5,23; 5,36; 5,49; 5,62; 5,76; 5,90; 6,04; 6,19; 6,34; 6,49; 6,65; 6,81; 6,98; 7,15; 7,32; 7,50; 7,68; 7,87; 8,06; 8,25; 8,45; 8,66; 8,87; 9,09; 9,31; 9,53; 9,76.

E192 values (0.5% and lower tolerance):

1,00; 1,01; 1,02; 1,04; 1,05; 1,06; 1,07; 1,09; 1,10; 1,11; 1,13; 1,14; 1,15; 1,17; 1,18; 1,20; 1,21; 1,23; 1,24; 1,26; 1,27; 1,29; 1,30; 1,32; 1,33; 1,35; 1,37; 1,38; 1,40; 1,42; 1,43; 1,45; 1,47; 1,49; 1,50; 1,52; 1,54; 1,56; 1,58; 1,60; 1,62; 1,64; 1,65; 1,67; 1,69; 1,72; 1,74; 1,76; 1,78; 1,80; 1,82; 1,84; 1,87; 1,89; 1,91; 1,93; 1,96; 1,98; 2,00; 2,03; 2,05; 2,08; 2,10; 2,13; 2,15; 2,18; 2,21; 2,23; 2,26; 2,29; 2,32; 2,34; 2,37; 2,40; 2,43; 2,46; 2,49; 2,52; 2,55; 2,58; 2,61; 2,64; 2,67; 2,71; 2,74; 2,77; 2,80; 2,84; 2,87; 2,91; 2,94; 2,98; 3,01; 3,05; 3,09; 3,12; 3,16; 3,20; 3,24; 3,28; 3,32; 3,36; 3,40; 3,44; 3,48; 3,52; 3,57; 3,61; 3,65; 3,70; 3,74; 3,79; 3,83; 3,88; 3,92; 3,97; 4,02; 4,07; 4,12; 4,17; 4,22; 4,27; 4,32; 4,37; 4,42; 4,48; 4,53; 4,59; 4,64; 4,70; 4,75; 4,81; 4,87; 4,93; 4,99; 5,05; 5,11; 5,17; 5,23; 5,30; 5,36; 5,42; 5,49; 5,56; 5,62; 5,69; 5,76; 5,83; 5,90; 5,97; 6,04; 6,12; 6,19; 6,26; 6,34; 6,42; 6,49; 6,57; 6,65; 6,73; 6,81; 6,90; 6,98; 7,06; 7,15; 7,23; 7,32; 7,41; 7,50; 7,59; 7,68; 7,77; 7,87; 7,96; 8,06; 8,16; 8,25; 8,35; 8,45; 8,56; 8,66; 8,76; 8,87; 8,98; 9,09; 9,20; 9,31; 9,42; 9,53; 9,65; 9,76; 9,88.

Resistor color coding

Resistor Marking

Large resistors, as shown in the picture, are usually marked with numbers and letters and their reading is easy. However, the value cannot be easily printed even using modern printing technology on small resistors (and other electronic components), especially if they are cylindrical. Therefore, during the past 100 years color bands were used for marking components. The electronic color code for this purpose was introduced in early 1920. Color codes are used not only for resistors but also for capacitors, diodes, inductors, and other electronic components.

Resistor Color Code

Up to six color bands are used for resistors. The most common is a four-band color code, in which the first and second bands represent the first and second significant digit of the resistance value, the third band is the decimal multiplier and the fourth band indicates the tolerance. There is a small, sometimes poorly distinguishable gap between the third and fourth band that helps distinguish the left and right side of the symmetrical component. 20% resistors are usually marked with only three bands — they do not have a tolerance band. Their bands mean digit, digit, multiplier.

For 2% or more precision resistors, five or more bands are used and the first three bands represent the resistance value. The last band in 6-band marking represents the temperature coefficient in ppm/K (parts per million per kelvin). The picture above represents the color marking principle.

Bands are read from left to right. They are usually grouped together close to the left end. If there is a visible gap between the last color band and other bands, then it shows the right side of the resistor. Also, silver or gold bands (if any) are always on the right side. When you determined the value from the color bands, compare it to the preferred value charts. If it is not there, then try to read from another end. Note that in this calculator color marking is made according to the international standard IEC 60062:2016.

Click or tap the links to view examples of color marking:

10 kohms ±20%, 12 ohms ±20%, 15 MΩ ±1%, 18 MΩ ±2%, 22 kohms ±10%, 27 ohms ±5%, 33 kohms ±5%, 39 MΩ ±0.5%, 0.47 ohms ±0.25%, 0.56 ohms ±0.1%, 68 ohms ±0.05%, 0.82 ohms ±20%

Numerical Marking

Numerical values are printed on the surface mount resistors (SMT — surface-mount technology or SMD — surface-mount device) of larger sizes and on larger axial-lead resistors. Because the space for marking is very small, it is sometimes not easy to read and understand the resistor value. The marking is mostly used for servicing because during production the resistors are fed into the surface mounting machines in tapes that are suitably marked. Many, especially small SMD resistors are not marked at all and once they are dropped from tapes, the only way to find their resistance is measurement.

39 × 10⁰ = 39 Ω 0.1 W SMD resistors in 1608 (1.6 × 0.8 mm) packages

Several systems are used for marking: three or four digits, two digits with a letter, three digits with a letter, the RKM code, and other systems. If you see only three digits, they represent the significant figures and the third is a multiplier. For example, 103 on an SMD resistor represents 10 × 10³ = 10 kΩ.

The four-digit system is used for high-tolerance resistors, for example for E96 or E192 series resistors. For example, 2743 = 274 × 10³ = 274 kΩ.

For smaller resistors, another system can be used. For example, for E96 series two digits plus one letter is used. This system can save one character comparing to the four-digit system. That is because E96 contains less than 100 values, which can be represented by two numbers if they are numbered sequentially, that is 01 — 100, 02 — 102, 03 — 105, etc. A letter represents the multiplier. Note that manufacturers often use their own systems. Therefore, the best way to determine the resistance is always measuring with a multimeter.

In the RKM Code, also called "R notation" a letter representing the resistance unit is placed instead of a decimal separator, which may not be printed reliably or just disappear on components or duplicated documents. Besides this method allows using fewer characters. For example, R22 or E22 means 0.22 ohm, 2K7 means 2.7 kiloohms and 1M5 means 1.5 megohms.

Measuring a 3.3 MΩ 0.5 W resistor using an oscilloscope-multimeter

Resistance Measurement

Resistance can be measured with an analog (with a needle) or digital ohmmeter or multimeter with resistance measurement function. To measure resistance, connect the probes to the resistor leads and read the value. It is sometimes possible to measure resistance without removing a resistor from the circuit. However, you must disconnect the circuit power and discharge all capacitors before connecting the multimeter to the circuit being measured.

A multimeter can be used not only for measuring the resistance of resistors but also contact resistance of various switching components like relay or switches. For example, you can determine if a mouse button needs replacement by means of measuring its resistance preferably with an analog multimeter or a digital meter with an analog bar display. The analog bar graph is useful when performing diagnostic or making adjustments. The bar graph acts as a needle in an analog meter and can show fluctuating resistance when a digital display with blinking digits would be completely useless. With this kind of meter, you can easily find many intermittent problems, for example, bouncing contacts of a vibrating relay.

In conclusion, there are several examples:

Resistor 2,7 kΩ ±5%: Red, violet, red, gold

Resistor 100 kΩ ±5%: brown, black, yellow, gold.

Resistor 220 kΩ ±5%: red, red, yellow, gold.

Resistor 330 kΩ ±5%: orange, orange, yellow, gold.

Resistor 390 kΩ ±5%: orange, white, yellow, gold.

Resistor 430 kΩ ±5%: yellow, orange, yellow, gold

Resistor 470 kΩ ±5%: yellow, violet, yellow, gold

Resistor 510 kΩ ±5%: green, brown, yellow, gold

Resistor 560 kΩ ±5%: green, blue, yellow, gold

Resistor 750 kΩ ±5%: violet, green, yellow, gold

Resistor 910 kΩ ±5%: white, brown, yellow, gold

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Source: https://www.translatorscafe.com/unit-converter/id-ID/calculator/resistor-color-code/